Design of controlled blasting (pre-splitting) in Golegohar iron …
The pre-splitting holes aim to extract the rock mass in order to create a smooth face. Hence, their powder factor is defined as the amount of explosive used to create a square meter of a smooth ...
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139 - Institute of Physics
mining cost [13]. For constant conditions of bench height, powder factor, type of rock, and blast hole diameter and if the charged are fired instantaneously, there is a relationship between S/B in which the displacement and the fragmentation are optimum. In mining operation, the S/B ratio has been in between 1-2 [14], [15]. 2. Field Study and ...
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Powder factor for Opencast Mines and production calculation ... - YouTube
This is the second part of powder factor series in this lecture we will calculate powder factor determination for opencast mines with very basic concept.
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Calculating powder factor from underground mine data.
Clear cut explanation related to powder factor calculation in underground mines using figures..
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Rock fragmentation control in opencast blasting - ScienceDirect
Introduction. Rock fragmentation distribution influences a range of mining and milling processes including load and haul rates, crushing and grinding performance and ore recovery in beneficiation processes ( Michaud et al., 1997 ). In opencast mining, where blasting is employed for excavation, the overall cost effectiveness of the production ...
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Powder Factor - McCallum Rock Drilling
Powder factor is expressed in many different forms. Essentially it is a measurement of explosives per quantity of rock. The typical variation of this that we use on a daily basis is how many pounds of explosives per cubic yard of rock. This gives us a baseline of how we need to go about fragmenting rock for each particular application.
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Calculating powder factor from underground mine data... - YouTube
Clear cut explanation related to powder factor calculation in underground mines using figures..
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(PDF) Powder Factor Prediction in Urmia Cement Mine Utilising …
PDF | On Jun 1, 2012, Daryoush Kaveh Ahangaran and others published Powder Factor Prediction in Urmia Cement Mine Utilising Neural Network | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ...
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Over break control in underground mines
Blasting is an integral part of hard rock mining and remains the most cost effective method of hard rock fragmentation. However, the costs associated with blast damage in terms of safety and productivity of mines are …
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Powder Factor Selection for Improved Rock …
block at CUT 4 A-zone pitThree different powder factors were used in blasting a continuous block and the effect on shovelloading time and volume of ore hauled were recorded to know the best powder factor that should be used in blasting at AngloGold Ashanti Iduapriem Mine CUT 4 A-Zone pit. For shovel loading time, studied.
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ANALYSIS OF POWDER FACTOR IN LIMESTONE MINE – A CASE …
Powder factor is an important parameter used in blast design process. It is ratio between amount of rock broken and total weight of explosive consumed (tonne/kg or m3/kg). Higher powder factor produces oversize and lower powder factor resulted into fines. The favourable size for primary crusher feed will have positive effects on power factor ...
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Explosives Engineers' Guide - Dyno Nobel
Powder factor = 0.5kg per square metre of face Do not stem holes. Fire all holes on the same delay, or in groups of ≥ 5 holes Smooth blasting Spacing= 15 x Hole diameter (hard rock) 20 x Hole diameter (soft rock) Burden= 1.25 x Spacing Fire as many holes as possible on one delay. Stem holes. Powder factors Typical powder factors
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BEST PRACTICES IN DRILL AND BLAST - IQPC Corporate
downstream activities in a mine. As a consequence, the profi t of a mining operation can be greatly improved through optimised fragmentation. Other unit operations can be greatly assisted by altering blast induced fragmentation. FINE MATERIAL Excessive fragmentation, often a result of higher than optimum powder factor, leads
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Blasting Principles - Orica
A term typically used in coal mining to refer to a separate process of overburden removal, prior to the main pass of the dragline or stripping fleet. Production Blasting. The type of blasting most commonly used in a mine, as distinct from development, trim, presplit, ramp or other special blasts. Powder Factor
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Powder Factor: The Ineffective Design Tool | E & MJ
Powder factor is the ratio of pounds of explosive used in a blast to the total volume of rock blasted; a typical range for surface blasting is 1.0 to 2.0 pounds per cubic yard (lb/yd3). During the first few centuries of blasting the thought process was that each rock, depending on type and structural geology, had a specific powder factor that ...
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Over break control in underground mines - MedCrave …
Blasting is an integral part of hard rock mining and remains the most cost effective method of hard rock fragmentation. However, the costs associated with blast damage in terms of safety and productivity of mines are …
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Study on optimum powder factor and quality of explosives in …
The powder factor in NCL, BCCL, SECL, ECL, WCL and West Bokaro Collieries was in range of the optimum powder factor and quality of explosives was measured. The rating index of bulk explosives is varied in between 70 and 100. The powder factor in hard rock was 1.5 to 2.5m3/kg and in soft rock it was in range of 2.0to 3.m3/kg.
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A novel powder factor based bench blast design method for …
"Large surface coal mines in Wyoming's Powder River Basin ship millions of tons of coal per annum, moving millions of cubic yards of overburden to mine the coal. Much of this volume is blasted in the form of benches, a common mining technique. Increases in production and scale of equipment in the past thirty-five years have created a paradigm shift for drill and blast …
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Engineering Geology Field Manual - Volume II - 2nd Ed.
displace a given volume of rock (powder factor). The burden-to-charge diameter ratio varies with rock density, changing the powder factor. The average burden-to-charge diameter ratio of 25 to 30 is for average density rocks similar to the typical rocks listed in table 19-1. Denser rocks such as basalt require smaller ratios (higher powder factors).
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Powder Factor | what is powder Factor |MINING GURUKUL - YouTube
In this video explain that what is powder Factor and how to calculate Powder Factor. Delay detonator - https://youtu.be/NmHofjCf7nIImportant questions for mi...
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Powder Factor And Sizing Energy Cost - ResearchGate
Blasting is the most hazardous operation in mines and quarries but provides the cheapest form of energy when likened to the cost of mechanical and electrical energy required in crushing and ...
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Blasting mechanics: Material properties and powder factor
Powder factor. Click to enlarge. Powder factor is the amount of explosive (pounds) to the total amount of rock blasted (tons) to develop a scale which some use to develop a blast design. This system is called a powder factor design approach, and it is an extremely poor approach to designing a blast.
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Explosives Engineers' Guide - Dyno Nobel
Powder factor = 0.5kg per square metre of face Do not stem holes. Fire all holes on the same delay, or in groups of ≥ 5 holes Smooth blasting Spacing = 15 x Hole diameter (hard rock) 20 x Hole diameter (soft rock) Burden = 1.25 x Spacing Fire as many holes as possible on one delay. Stem holes. Powder factors Typical powder factors
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Powder Factor - University of Alaska Fairbanks
Powder Factor is defined as the amount of explosive required to dislodge and fragment 1 cubic yard of rock. [3] The softer (less dense) the material that is being blasted; the smaller the powder factor. Blastability Index (BI) is a variable calculated from the rock mass description (RMD), location of any cracks or weaknesses (referred to as ...
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How do you calculate powder factor? - Answers
See answer (1) Best Answer. Copy. Powder Factor is the relationship of Explosives to Volume. It describes how much explosives are needed to blast a particular volume of rock. The easy formula is PF = (lbs of explosives used) / (yd^3 of rock blasted) It is just an indicator, so you can use whatever units of measure are common in your application.
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Drilling patterns - QueensMineDesignWiki - Queen's …
Powder Factor. Powder factor and the appropriate charging of drill holes is very important in underground mining as malfunctions are very common in the close proximity of loaded holes and the confining environment creating unfavorable …
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powder factor | SPE
The average powder factor for the stope fragmentation was 2.6 kg per metric ton, compared to 1.10 kg per metric ton for routine drift development work at the mine. All the material from the first blast, 14.2 metric tons, was sieved. The resulting distribution was compared to the distribution predicted by empirical equations.
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Blasting Techniques Used in Underground and Opencast Mines | Mining ...
Read this article to learn about the blasting techniques adopted in underground and opencast mines. Blasting Techniques Adopted in Underground Mines: ... Powder factor with solid blasting is 1.5 to 2.5 te of coal per kg of explosive and 0.8 to 1.25 te of coal per detonator. ... No place in direct line with a shot can be regarded as safe and ...
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Powder Factor Solutions
Get the edge in fragmentation. Powder Factor Solutions is a specialist drill & blast design team based in Western Australia serving our global customers through cloud-based technologies. Utilising cutting edge modelling algorithms; …
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Powder factor prediction in blasting operation using rock geo ...
Prediction of powder factor is a major activity while preparing drilling and blasting operation, as the total production cost depends on it. It is a major input parameter in blast design as it influences the efficiency of subsequent operations in mining. Generally, effective parameters that influence powder factor can be divided into three, namely, rock mass, geometric and …
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Evaluating the effectiveness of powder factor - Pit & Quarry
In powder factor design, two separate approaches can be taken: 1. To set a strict powder factor and vary the spacing to achieve this powder factor 2. To set a spacing for a pattern, typically scaled off the burden, and use this spacing in all situations
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ASSESSMENT OF POWDER FACTOR IN SURFACE BENCH …
powder factor. There is a term optimum powder factor, which may be defined as the powder factor required for the optimum fragmentation, throw, ground vibration, etc. for a specified blast condition to minimize the overall mining cost. Presently, the powder factor is established through the trial blasts. However, powder factor may be ...
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Powder Factor Solutions
Get the edge in fragmentation. Powder Factor Solutions is a specialist drill & blast design team based in Western Australia serving our global customers through cloud-based technologies. Utilising cutting edge modelling algorithms; which extend and expand on current industry best-practice; PFS supports your team to deliver optimal rock fragmentation across your entire …
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Trench Blasting with DYNAMITE - Dyno Nobel
Dyno Nobel supplies a full line of explosives products and blasting services to mines, quarries and contractors in nearly every part of the world. ... • Trench depths of 4' to 12': powder factor = 3.5 • Trench depths of 12' to 20': powder factor = 4.0
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A novel powder factor based bench blast design method for …
Large surface coal mines in Wyoming's Powder River Basin ship millions of tons of coal per annum, moving millions of cubic yards of overburden to mine the coal. Much of this volume is blasted in the form of benches, a common mining technique. Increases in production and scale of equipment in the past thirty-five years have created a paradigm
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The Powder Factor Dilemma - iRing
In surface mining operations, the weight of explosive used per unit volume of rock blasted is measured in pounds per cubic yard) lb/yd 3) (kg/m 3) to produce broken material is defined as powder factor.However, in underground …
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Blasting Techniques Used in Underground and Opencast …
P5 explosive is used along with Carrick short delay detonators (of I.E.L) or coal delay detonators (of l.D.L.) Introduction of such blasting in mines needs approval from the D.G.M.S. for exemption under the following regulations: (a) Reg. 173- To blast off the solid. (b) Reg. 175- …
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Chapter 8 BLAST DESIGN - National Park Service
The higher the powder factor, the lighter the load. Lower powder factor means more explosives. Example: 1.5 tons = PF of 6.25lbs BURDEN-SPACING CALCULATION ... The economic analysis of the use of explosives is an important part of blasting operations in mining and construction. Explosives are energy, and the efficient use of this energy is a ...
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